Modelling and simulation of novel multi-axial preforms for complex loaded composite applications

To achieve the goal of Net-Zero transportation, development of new composite materials is required to see greater adoption of composites. A key area that offers potential for significant weight saving is complex loaded joints such as lugs, used to connect structural components and transfer loads. A primary weakness facing traditional laminated composites in their attempt to replace metallics is the lack of through-thickness-reinforcement, leading to delamination and premature failure.

3D woven composites offer a desirable answer through using fibre in the xyz direction, where “z” fibres carry load through-the-thickness and resist impact damage. Despite the high benefits of 3D preforms, the lack of +/-450 fibre that is necessary for complex loading inhibits its adoption. A recently awarded EPSRC project aims to address this through developing a new 3D+ multi-axial material containing fibre in all 5 key orientations.

Modelling and simulation are key areas that support the adoption of new materials into industry and is an area that is currently not fully developed for multi-axial composites. This PhD project will investigate modelling and simulation of multi-axial composites linked to the new material developments of the extended EPSRC project. This will be achieved through the following primary objectives:

- Extensive literature review on commercial and developmental modelling methods.

- Modelling and simulation of mechanical properties for 3D+ material.

- Validation against experimental results.

The student will be trained to gain expertise and knowledge in the areas of modelling and simulation, 3D woven composites, testing design, and materials characterisation and analysis. In addition, the PhD researcher will travel nationally and internationally to present their findings. This project is also being supported by the Bristol Composites Institute where the student will gain valuable experience from the modelling expertise here.

Candidates with a background in mechanical/aero engineering or any other related engineering field is desirable.

Applicants should hold, or expect to obtain, a First or Upper Second Class Honours Degree in a subject relevant to the proposed area of study.

We may also consider applications from those who hold equivalent qualifications, for example, a Lower Second Class Honours Degree plus a Master’s Degree with Distinction.

In exceptional circumstances, the University may consider a portfolio of evidence from applicants who have appropriate professional experience which is equivalent to the learning outcomes of an Honours degree in lieu of academic qualifications.

• Sound understanding of subject area as evidenced by a comprehensive research proposal

If the University receives a large number of applicants for the project, the following desirable criteria may be applied to shortlist applicants for interview.

• First Class Honours (1st) Degree
• Masters at 65%
• Work experience relevant to the proposed project
• Publications - peer-reviewed

The University offers the following levels of support:

The scholarship will cover tuition fees at the Home rate and a maintenance allowance of £19,000 (tbc) per annum for three years (subject to satisfactory academic performance).

This scholarship also comes with £900 per annum for three years as a research training support grant (RTSG) allocation to help support the PhD researcher.

• Candidates with pre-settled or settled status under the EU Settlement Scheme, who also satisfy a three year residency requirement in the UK prior to the start of the course for which a Studentship is held MAY receive a Studentship covering fees and maintenance.
• Republic of Ireland (ROI) nationals who satisfy three years’ residency in the UK prior to the start of the course MAY receive a Studentship covering fees and maintenance (ROI nationals don’t need to have pre-settled or settled status under the EU Settlement Scheme to qualify).
• Other non-ROI EU applicants are ‘International’ are not eligible for this source of funding.
• Applicants who already hold a doctoral degree or who have been registered on a programme of research leading to the award of a doctoral degree on a full-time basis for more than one year (or part-time equivalent) are NOT eligible to apply for an award.

Due consideration should be given to financing your studies. Further information on cost of living

Design and Manufacture of Structural Composites - Woodhead Publishing – Particular focus on chapter 8.

S.D. Green, M.Y. Matveev, A.C. Long, D. Ivanov, S.R. Hallett, Mechanical modelling of 3D woven composites considering realistic unit cell geometry,Composite Structures,Volume 118,2014,

Mahmood Ansar, Wang Xinwei, Zhou Chouwei, Modeling strategies of 3D woven composites: A review, Composite Structures,Volume 93, Issue 8,2011